Use metrics to monitor node performance

To enable the Prometheus monitoring and alerting service to access Hyperledger Besu metrics, use the --metrics-enabled option. Use Grafana to visualize the collected data. See the sample Besu Full Grafana dashboard.

The Besu example networks have monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana configured.

Use Prometheus to monitor the number of blocks your Besu node is behind the chain head, and to alert you that your node is not keeping up with the chain head.

This recording shows examples of monitoring Hyperledger Besu.

Install Prometheus

To use Prometheus with Besu, install the Prometheus main component. On MacOS, install with Homebrew:

brew install prometheus

tip

You can also install:

• Exporters that send system metrics to Prometheus to monitor non-Besu-specific items such as disk and CPU usage.
• Other Prometheus components, such as the Alert Manager. Additional configuration is not required for these components because Prometheus handles and analyzes data directly from the feed.

Set up and run Prometheus with Besu

To configure Prometheus and run with Besu:

1. Configure Prometheus to poll Besu. For example, add the following YAML fragment to the scrape_configs block of the prometheus.yml file:

Fragment to insert in prometheus.yml

- job_name: besu
  scrape_interval: 15s
  scrape_timeout: 10s
  metrics_path: /metrics
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
    - targets:
        - localhost:9545

Full prometheus.yml example

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: "prometheus"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]
  - job_name: besu
    scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_timeout: 10s
    metrics_path: /metrics
    scheme: http
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - localhost:9545

Prometheus requires 3 MB of space per node per hour for metrics, with a scrape_interval of 15 seconds.

2. Start Besu with the --metrics-enabled option. To start a single node for testing with metrics enabled, run the following command:

Syntax

besu --network=dev --miner-enabled --miner-coinbase <COINBASE ADDRESS> --rpc-http-cors-origins="all" --rpc-http-enabled --metrics-enabled

Example

besu --network=dev --miner-enabled --miner-coinbase fe3b557e8fb62b89f4916b721be55ceb828dbd73 --rpc-http-cors-origins="all" --rpc-http-enabled --metrics-enabled

To specify the host and port on which Prometheus accesses Besu, use the --metrics-host and --metrics-port options. The default host and port are 127.0.0.1 (localhost) and 9545.

danger

To avoid DNS rebinding attacks, if running Prometheus on a different host than your Besu node (any host other than localhost), add the hostname that Prometheus uses to --host-allowlist.

For example, if Prometheus is configured to get metrics from http://besu.local:8008/metrics, then besu.local has to be in --host-allowlist.

:::

3. In another terminal, run Prometheus specifying the prometheus.yml file:

prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

4. View the Prometheus graphical interface.

tip

Use a log ingestion tool, such as Logstash, to parse the logs and alert you to configured anomalies.

Run Prometheus with Besu in push mode

The --metrics-enabled option enables Prometheus polling of Besu, but sometimes metrics are hard to poll (for example, when running inside Docker containers with varying IP addresses). To enable Besu to push metrics to a Prometheus push gateway, use the --metrics-push-enabled option.

To configure Prometheus and run with Besu pushing to a push gateway:

1. Configure Prometheus to read from a push gateway. For example, add the following YAML fragment to the scrape_configs block of the prometheus.yml file:

- job_name: push-gateway
  metrics_path: /metrics
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
    - targets:
        - localhost:9091

1. Start the push gateway. You can deploy the push gateway using the Docker image:

docker pull prom/pushgateway
docker run -d -p 9091:9091 prom/pushgateway

1. Start Besu specifying the --metrics-push-enabled option and port of the push gateway:

Syntax

besu --network=dev --miner-enabled --miner-coinbase <COINBASE ADDRESS> --rpc-http-cors-origins="all" --rpc-http-enabled --metrics-push-enabled --metrics-push-port=9091 --metrics-push-host=127.0.0.1

Example

besu --network=dev --miner-enabled --miner-coinbase fe3b557e8fb62b89f4916b721be55ceb828dbd73 --rpc-http-cors-origins="all" --rpc-http-enabled --metrics-push-enabled --metrics-push-port=9091 --metrics-push-host=127.0.0.1

1. In another terminal, run Prometheus specifying the prometheus.yml file:

prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

1. View the Prometheus graphical interface.

View Prometheus graphical interface

1. Open a Web browser to http://localhost:9090 to view the Prometheus graphical interface.

2. Choose Graph from the menu bar and click the Console tab below.

3. From the Insert metric at cursor drop-down, select a metric such as besu_blockchain_difficulty_total or ethereum_blockchain_height and click Execute. The values display.

4. Click the Graph tab to view the data as a time-based graph. The query string displays below the graph. For example, {ethereum_blockchain_height{instance="localhost:9545",job="prometheus"}.

Metrics list

The following table lists available metrics. Each metric starts with a metric category prefix. Metrics specific to Besu use the besu_ prefix, followed by another metric category. Metric categories can be enabled using the metrics-category command line option. If a metric has a JSON-RPC equivalent, it is included in the definition column.

Name	Metric type	Definition
besu_blockchain_chain_head_gas_limit	Gauge	Block gas limit of the current chain head block
besu_blockchain_chain_head_gas_used	Gauge	Gas used by the current chain head block
besu_blockchain_chain_head_ommer_count	Gauge	Number of uncles in the current chain head block (JSON-RPC equivalent: eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash or eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber)
besu_blockchain_chain_head_timestamp	Gauge	Timestamp from the current chain head
besu_blockchain_chain_head_transaction_count	Gauge	Number of transactions in the current chain head block (JSON-RPC equivalent: eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash or eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber)
besu_blockchain_difficulty_total	Gauge	Difficulty of the chain head (JSON-RPC equivalent: difficulty of admin_peers)
besu_executors_ethscheduler_computation_active_threads_current	Gauge	Current number of threads executing computation tasks
besu_executors_ethscheduler_computation_completed_tasks_total	Gauge	Total number of computation tasks executed
besu_executors_ethscheduler_computation_pool_size_current	Gauge	Current number of threads in the computation thread pool
besu_executors_ethscheduler_computation_queue_length_current	Gauge	Current number of computation tasks awaiting execution
besu_executors_ethscheduler_computation_rejected_tasks_total	Counter	Total number of tasks rejected by this computation executor
besu_executors_ethscheduler_computation_submitted_tasks_total	Gauge	Total number of computation tasks submitted
besu_executors_ethscheduler_timer_active_threads_current	Gauge	Current number of threads executing timer tasks
besu_executors_ethscheduler_timer_completed_tasks_total	Gauge	Total number of timer tasks executed
besu_executors_ethscheduler_timer_pool_size_current	Gauge	Current number of threads in the timer thread pool
besu_executors_ethscheduler_timer_queue_length_current	Gauge	Current number of timer tasks awaiting execution
besu_executors_ethscheduler_timer_rejected_tasks_total	Counter	Total number of tasks rejected by this timer executor
besu_executors_ethscheduler_timer_submitted_tasks_total	Gauge	Total number of timer tasks submitted
besu_executors_ethscheduler_workers_active_threads_current	Gauge	Current number of threads executing worker tasks
besu_executors_ethscheduler_workers_completed_tasks_total	Gauge	Total number of worker tasks executed
besu_executors_ethscheduler_workers_pool_size_current	Gauge	Current number of threads in the worker thread pool
besu_executors_ethscheduler_workers_queue_length_current	Gauge	Current number of worker tasks awaiting execution
besu_executors_ethscheduler_workers_rejected_tasks_total	Counter	Total number of tasks rejected by this worker executor
besu_executors_ethscheduler_workers_submitted_tasks_total	Gauge	Total number of worker tasks submitted
besu_network_discovery_inflight_interactions_current	Gauge	Current number of inflight discovery interactions
besu_network_discovery_interaction_count	Counter	Total number of discovery interactions initiated
besu_network_discovery_interaction_retry_count	Counter	Total number of interaction retries performed
besu_network_discovery_messages_inbound	Counter	Total number of P2P discovery messages received
besu_network_discovery_messages_outbound	Counter	Total number of P2P discovery messages sent
besu_network_netty_boss_pending_tasks	Gauge	Number of pending tasks in Netty boss event loop
besu_network_netty_workers_pending_tasks	Gauge	Number of pending tasks in Netty workers event loop
besu_network_p2p_messages_inbound	Counter	Total number of P2P messages received
besu_network_vertx_eventloop_pending_tasks	Gauge	Number of pending tasks in Vertx event loop
besu_network_vertx_worker_pool_completed_total	Counter	Total number of tasks completed by Vertx worker pool
besu_network_vertx_worker_pool_rejected_total	Counter	Total number of tasks rejected by Vertx worker pool
besu_network_vertx_worker_pool_submitted_total	Counter	Total number of tasks submitted to Vertx worker pool
besu_peers_connected_total	Counter	Total number of peers connected
besu_peers_disconnected_total	Counter	Total number of peers disconnected
besu_peers_pending_peer_requests_current	Gauge	Current number of peer requests pending because peers are busy
besu_pruner_mark_time_duration	Gauge	Cumulative number of seconds spent marking the state trie across all pruning cycles
besu_pruner_mark_operations_total	Counter	Total number of mark operations performed
besu_pruner_marked_nodes_total	Counter	Total number of nodes marked as in use
besu_pruner_sweep_operations_total	Counter	Total number of sweep operations performed
besu_pruner_swept_nodes_total	Counter	Total number of unused nodes removed
besu_stratum_connections	Counter	Number of connections over time
besu_stratum_difficulty	Gauge	Current mining difficulty
besu_stratum_disconnections	Counter	Number of disconnections over time
besu_stratum_miners	Gauge	Number of connected miners
besu_synchronizer_chain_download_pipeline_processed_total	Counter	Number of entries processed by each chain download pipeline stage
besu_synchronizer_chain_download_pipeline_restarts	Counter	Number of times chain download pipeline has been restarted
besu_synchronizer_fast_sync_pivot_block_current	Gauge	The current fast sync pivot block
besu_synchronizer_fast_sync_pivot_block_selected_count	Counter	Number of times a fast sync pivot block has been selected
besu_synchronizer_fast_sync_validation_mode	Counter	Number of blocks validated using light vs full validation during fast sync
besu_synchronizer_in_sync	Gauge	Whether or not the local node has caught up to the best known peer (1 or 0)
besu_synchronizer_task	Summary	Internal processing tasks
besu_synchronizer_world_state_completed_requests_total	Counter	Total number of node data requests completed as part of fast sync world state download
besu_synchronizer_world_state_existing_nodes_total	Counter	Total number of node data requests completed using existing data
besu_synchronizer_world_state_inflight_requests_current	Gauge	Number of in progress requests for world state data
besu_synchronizer_world_state_node_requests_since_last_progress_current	Gauge	Number of world state requests made since the last time new data was returned
besu_synchronizer_world_state_pending_requests_cache_size	Gauge	Pending request cache size for fast sync world state download
besu_synchronizer_world_state_pending_requests_current	Gauge	Number of pending requests for fast sync world state download
besu_synchronizer_world_state_pipeline_processed_total	Counter	Number of entries processed by each world state download pipeline stage
besu_synchronizer_world_state_retried_requests_total	Counter	Total number of node data requests repeated as part of fast sync world state download
besu_transaction_pool_pending_transactions_messages_skipped_total	Counter	Total number of pending transactions messages skipped by the processor
besu_transaction_pool_transactions	Gauge	Current size of the transaction pool (JSON-RPC equivalent: result number of txpool_besuTransactions)
besu_transaction_pool_transactions_added_total	Counter	Count of transactions added to the transaction pool
besu_transaction_pool_transactions_messages_skipped_total	Counter	Total number of transactions messages skipped by the processor.
ethereum_best_known_block_number	Gauge	Estimated highest block available (JSON-RPC equivalent: highestBlock of eth_syncing, or eth_blockNumber if not syncing)
ethereum_blockchain_height	Gauge	Current height of the canonical chain (JSON-RPC equivalent: eth_blockNumber)
ethereum_peer_count	Gauge	Current number of peers connected (JSON-RPC equivalent: net_peerCount)
ethereum_peer_limit	Gauge	Maximum number of peers this node allows to connect
jvm_buffer_pool_capacity_bytes	Gauge	Bytes capacity of a given JVM buffer pool
jvm_buffer_pool_used_buffers	Gauge	Used buffers of a given JVM buffer pool
jvm_buffer_pool_used_bytes	Gauge	Used bytes of a given JVM buffer pool
jvm_classes_loaded	Gauge	Current number of classes loaded in the JVM
jvm_classes_loaded_total	Counter	Total number of classes loaded since the JVM started execution
jvm_classes_unloaded_total	Counter	Total number of classes unloaded since the JVM started execution
jvm_gc_collection_seconds	Summary	Seconds spent in a given JVM garbage collector
jvm_memory_bytes_committed	Gauge	Committed bytes of a given JVM memory area
jvm_memory_bytes_init	Gauge	Initial bytes of a given JVM memory area
jvm_memory_bytes_max	Gauge	Maximum bytes of a given JVM memory area
jvm_memory_bytes_used	Gauge	Used bytes of a given JVM memory area
jvm_memory_pool_bytes_committed	Gauge	Committed bytes of a given JVM memory pool
jvm_memory_pool_bytes_init	Gauge	Initial bytes of a given JVM memory pool
jvm_memory_pool_bytes_max	Gauge	Maximum bytes of a given JVM memory pool
jvm_memory_pool_bytes_used	Gauge	Used bytes of a given JVM memory pool
jvm_threads_current	Gauge	Current thread count of a JVM
jvm_threads_daemon	Gauge	Daemon thread count of a JVM
jvm_threads_deadlocked	Gauge	Cycles of JVM threads in deadlock waiting to acquire object monitors or ownable synchronizers
jvm_threads_deadlocked_monitor	Gauge	Cycles of JVM threads in deadlock waiting to acquire object monitors
jvm_threads_peak	Gauge	Peak thread count of a JVM
jvm_threads_started_total	Counter	Started thread count of a JVM
jvm_threads_state	Gauge	Current count of threads by state
process_cpu_seconds_total	Counter	Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds
process_max_fds	Gauge	Maximum number of open file descriptors
process_open_fds	Gauge	Number of open file descriptors
process_start_time_seconds	Gauge	Start time of the process since Unix epoch in seconds

info

• The ethereum_best_known_block_number metric always has a value. When the eth_syncing JSON-RPC method returns false, the current chain height displays.
• Although the ethereum_peer_limit metric does not have a JSON-RPC equivalent, the max peers command line option sets the maximum number of P2P connections that can be established.